WEN ME251R 10-Inch Aluminum Offset Marking Gauge and Layout Tool with Laser-Etched Scale View Detail.Center Finder,Line Gauge,Woodworking Aluminum Alloy Center Scribe Square Center Scribe Measuring Tool,45/90 Degree Right Angle Line Gauge Carpenter Ruler,Spindle Lathe Metal Turning Tool (L) View Detail.Directory of American Tool and Machinery Patents. ^ Capotosto, Rosario (September 1988)."The Multitalented Combination Square: A whole lot of tool in one small package". ^ a b c d Livesey, Andrew Robinson, A.An Introduction to Measuration and Calibration. The tool was originally designed for machinists, but over time became commonly used in other trades, such as woodworking. Starrett Company in Athol, Massachusetts, United States. Though some earlier 19th century tools were called combination squares, the modern combination square was invented in the late 1870s by American inventor Laroy S. Bisecting square corners to mark a 45° angle.Marking lines perpendicular to a curved edge ( normal lines).Making multiple marks at different angles can be used to identify the point at the centre of the circle. Marking lines through the centre of circular or square objects, such as dowels.Ĭentre finder head Labelled diagram of the centre finder head with a circle as an example Measuring and marking angles relative to the horizontal by using the spirit level.Directly transferring angles, like a bevel gauge (sliding T gauge), to minimise measurement errors and inaccuracies.Measuring and checking angles between surfaces, edges, and markings.Protractor head Labelled diagram of the protractor head Reference for directly transferring dimensions without needing to take a measurement, minimising measurement errors and inaccuracies.Form of marking gauge for marking lines parallel to an edge, by setting the head to a certain distance from the end of the rule.Spirit level, to check if a surface is level or similarly if a surface or edge is plumb (vertical).Mitre square, for marking and referencing 45° angles, such as in woodworking for mitre joints.Square, for marking and referencing 90° angles and checking if surfaces are flat and square to one another.Standard head Labelled diagram of the standard head Uses Īs well as being used as a regular standalone rule or straightedge, the rule is used in combination with the different heads. The heads are usually painted except for the flat machined reference faces. Cast iron and steel heads are also notably heavier. Aluminium and zinc heads are cheaper than steel and iron, but less durable and more prone to inaccuracy. The heads are manufactured from either forged steel, cast iron, die-cast aluminium, die-cast zinc, or plastic. The centre finder head has two faces meeting at 90°, when attached one edge of the rule bisects the two faces at 45°. The protractor head sometimes includes a small spirit level. The protractor head has a flat reference edge which is attached to an adjustable 180° protractor or (sometimes called a turret) with a graduated scale in both directions for reading both the angle or the complement angle. The standard head usually incorporates a small spirit level and a small removable scriber. When attached one face is parallel to the rule, one face is perpendicular, and one face is at 45°. The standard or square head has three adjacent flat faces, two of them meet square to one another, and the third face is angled away at 45°. The head is then tightened in place via a lock bolt or lock nut which engages with a channel running the full length of the rule, allowing the head to be tightened on at any point along the rule. The heads, occasionally called anvils, are attached to the rule by sliding the rule into a slot in the side of the head. The rule typically comes in lengths between 150mm and 600mm or between 4 inches and 24 inches. This allows different sides to have different graduations (eg. Both faces of the rule have markings, providing four different sets of markings. Rule Ĭombination square rules are made of steel and can be purchased with gradations in metric, imperial, or both metric and imperial. Illustration showing a centre head, protractor head, and standard head attached to a rule. Description A combination set with the rule (top), a standard head (left), protractor head (centre), and a centre finder head (right). The other common types of head are the protractor head, and the centre finder head. The most common head is the standard head, which is used as a square for marking and testing 90° and 45° angles. Other names for the tool include adjustable square, combo square, and sliding square. It is composed of a rule and one or more interchangeable heads that can be attached to the rule. A combination square is a multi-purpose measuring and marking tool used in metalworking, woodworking, and stonemasonry.
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